ENH: Allow `Splinterpolator` instances to be created from an existing set of spline coefficients, and extend extrapolation options

• The Splinterpolator class can now accept a pointer to an array of pre-calculated coefficients - in this case, a copy of the pointer is used (the data is not copied), and pre-filtering (coefficient calculation) is skipped
• New SoftZeros extrapolation method - out of bounds coefficients will be set to zero, but out-of-bounds coordinates will still be constructed via interpolation. This differs from the existing Zeros extrapolation method, where out-of-bounds coordinates are forced to zero.
• Adjustment to the coefficient initialisation method used when Constant extrapolation is requested; previously, a mirroring boundary condition was used.
• New Splinterpolator::Copy function, which allows the spline coefficients to be copied/extracted.

splinterpolator.h

@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ public:
                   ExtrapolationType et=Zeros,
                   unsigned int order=3,
                   bool copy_low_order=true,
-                  Utilities::NoOfThreads
-                  nthr=Utilities::NoOfThreads(1),
+                  Utilities::NoOfThreads nthr=Utilities::NoOfThreads(1),
                   double prec=1e-8,
                   bool data_are_coefs=false)
     : _valid(false), _own_coef(false), _coef(0), _cptr(0), _ndim(0), _nthr(nthr._n)
@@ -84,6 +83,22 @@ public:
   Splinterpolator& operator=(const Splinterpolator& src)
   { if(_own_coef) delete [] _coef; assign(src); return(*this); }
 
+  // Copy the spline coefficients into dest.
+  void Copy(std::vector<T>& dest)
+  {
+    unsigned int N = 1;
+    for (auto d : _dim) {
+      N *= d;
+    }
+    dest.resize(N);
+
+    auto coefs = coef_ptr();
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+       dest[i] = coefs[i];
+    }
+  }
+
   // Set new data in Splinterpolator.
   void Set(const T *data_or_coefs,
            const std::vector<unsigned int>& dim,
@@ -797,18 +812,10 @@ unsigned int Splinterpolator<T>::get_start_indicies(const double *coord, int *si
 {
   unsigned int ni = _order+1;
 
-  if (odd(ni)) {
-    for (unsigned int i=0; i<_ndim; i++) {
-      sinds[i] = static_cast<int>(coord[i]+0.5) - ni/2;
-    }
-  }
-  else {
-    for (unsigned int i=0; i<_ndim; i++) {
-      int ix = static_cast<int>(coord[i]+0.5);
-      if (ix < coord[i]) sinds[i] = ix - (ni-1)/2;
-      else sinds[i] = ix -ni/2;
-    }
+  for (unsigned int i=0; i<_ndim; i++) {
+    sinds[i] = std::ceil(coord[i]) - ni/2;
   }
+
   for (unsigned int i=_ndim; i<5; i++) sinds[i] = 0;
 
   return(ni);
@@ -1439,16 +1446,19 @@ void Splinterpolator<T>::assign(const Splinterpolator<T>& src)
 template<class T>
 bool Splinterpolator<T>::calc_coef(const T *data_or_coefs, bool copy, bool data_are_coefs)
 {
-  if (_order < 2 && !copy) { _cptr = data_or_coefs; return(false); }
+  // No copy, and nearest/interp, or pre-calculated
+  // coefficients - just take a pointer to the data
+  if (_order < 2     && !copy) { _cptr = data_or_coefs; return(false); }
+  if (data_are_coefs && !copy) { _cptr = data_or_coefs; return(false); }
 
   // Allocate memory and put the original data into _coef
-  //
   unsigned int ts=1;
   for (unsigned int i=0; i<_dim.size(); i++) ts *= _dim[i];
   _coef = new T[ts];
   memcpy(_coef,data_or_coefs,ts*sizeof(T));
 
-  if (_order < 2) return(true);  // If nearest neighbour or linear, that's all we need
+  if (_order < 2)     return(true); // If nearest neighbour or linear, that's all we need
+  if (data_are_coefs) return(true); // User has given us pre-calculated coefficients
 
   // Loop over all non-singleton dimensions and deconvolve along them
   //
@@ -1488,7 +1498,7 @@ void Splinterpolator<T>::deconv_along(unsigned int dim)
     ss *= _dim[i];
   }
 
-  if (_nthr==1) { // If we are to run single-threaded
+  if (_nthr<=1) { // If we are to run single-threaded
     SplineColumn  col(mdim,mstep);          // Column helps us do the job
     for (unsigned int l=0; l<rdim[3]; l++) {
       for (unsigned int k=0; k<rdim[2]; k++) {