02_text_io.md

empty_string = ''
empty_string.    # after running the code block above, put your cursor behind the dot and press tab to get a list of methods
with open('README.md', 'r') as readme_file:
    print(readme_file.read())
with open('02_text_io/my_file', 'w') as my_file:
    my_file.write('This is my first line\n')
    my_file.writelines(['Second line\n', 'and the third\n'])
!cat 02_text_io/my_file
with open('02_text_io/my_file', 'a') as my_file:
    my_file.write('More lines is always better\n')
!cat 02_text_io/my_file
a_string = 'To be or not to be'
same_string = "To be or not to be"
print(a_string == same_string)
a_string = "That's the question"
same_string = 'That\'s the question'
print(a_string == same_string)
a_string = "This is the first line.\nAnd here is the second.\n\tThe third starts with a tab."
print(a_string)
multi_line_string = """This is the first line.
And here is the second.
\tThird line starts with a tab."""
print(multi_line_string)
single_line_string = r"This string is not multiline.\nEven though it contains the \n character"
print(single_line_string)
my_list_of_strings = ['a', 'b', 'c' 'd', 'e']
print("The 'c' and 'd' got concatenated, because we forgot the comma:", my_list_of_strings)
Δ = "café"
print(Δ)
delta = "Δ"
print('The character', delta, 'consists of the following 2 bytes', delta.encode())
a_byte_array = b'\xce\xa9'
print('The two bytes ', a_byte_array, ' become single unicode character (', a_byte_array.decode(), ') with UTF-8 encoding')
import os.path as op
with open(op.expandvars('${FSLDIR}/data/standard/MNI152_T1_1mm.nii.gz'), 'rb') as gzipped_nifti:
    print('First few bytes of gzipped NIFTI file:', gzipped_nifti.read(10))
print(str("3"))
print(str(3))
print(repr("3"))
print(repr(3))
from datetime import datetime
print(str(datetime.now())
print(repr(datetime.now())
a_string = "Part 1"
other_string = "Part 2"
full_string = a_string + ", " + other_string
print(full_string)
list_of_strings = ['first', 'second', 'third', 'fourth']
full_string = ', '.join(list_of_strings)
print(full_string)
list_of_strings = ['first', 'second', 'third', 'fourth']
full_string = ''.join(list_of_strings)
print(full_string)
a = 3
b = 1 / 3

print('%.3f = %i + %.3f' % (a + b, a, b))
print('%(total).3f = %(a)i + %(b).3f' % {'a': a, 'b': b, 'total': a + b})
a = 3
b = 1 / 3

print('{:.3f} = {} + {:.3f}'.format(a + b, a, b))
print('{total:.3f} = {a} + {b:.3f}'.format(a=a, b=b, total=a+b))
a = 3
b = 1/3

print(f'{a + b:.3f} = {a} + {b:.3f}')
a_string = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
print(a_string[10])  # create a string containing only the 10th character
print(a_string[20:])  # create a string containing the 20th character onward
print(a_string[::-1])  # creating the reverse string
a_string = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
index = a_string.find('fgh')
print(a_string[:index])  # extracts the sub-string up to the first occurence of 'fgh'
print('index for non-existent sub-string', a_string.find('cats'))  # note that find returns -1 when it can not find the sub-string rather than raising an error.
print('The split() method\trecognizes a wide variety\nof white space'.split())
scientific_packages_string = "numpy, scipy, pandas, matplotlib, nibabel"
list_with_whitespace = scientific_packages_string.split(',')
print(list_with_whitespace)
list_without_whitespace = [individual_string.strip() for individual_string in list_with_whitespace]
print(list_without_whitespace)
print(int("3"))
print(float("3"))
print(float("3.213"))
print(float("3.213e5"))
print(float("3.213E-25"))
input_filename = '02_text_io/input.txt'
out_filename = '02_text_io/output.txt'

with open(input_filename, 'r') as input_file:
    ...

with open(output_filename, 'w') as output_file:
    ...
def get_filename(subject_id, modality, resolution):
    ...
def get_parameters(filename):
    ...
    return subject_id, modality, resolution